![]() ![]() Inasmuch as attention is one of the processes involved in the successful functioning of memory span, if the processes of attention are directed towards some other stimulus, they cannot operate effectively in the memory span function. (7) Distraction: Naturally enough, one would expect that the greater the distraction present in the situation, the poorer would be the performance of the individual, and this is actually the case. Most investigators take the point of view that an incorrect series should not be scored at all. Variations in scoring are common scarcely two investigators have scored alike. (6) The method of scoring the responses: The method of scoring the responses also has an effect upon the apparent memory span of the individual. The spans were equivalent when corrected for the time taken to articulate the digits. The Digit Span subtest from the Wechsler Scales is used to measure Freedom from Distractibility or Working Memory. A study of Welsh-English bilinguals confirmed this effect as it showed these subjects had larger digit spans for English numbers than for Welsh numbers, which take longer to pronounce. For example, patient KF showed impaired STM function (shown by limited digit span) but had normal LTM This suggests that transfer of information from STM to. This increase is due to the decreased amount of time needed to pronounce the shorter words, and studies have shown that memory span is approximately equal to the number of items which a subject can articulate in two seconds. (5) Time required to vocalize responses: Memory span is consistently higher for short words than for long words. (4) Modality of presentation: Studies have shown a consistent increase in memory span for lists presented auditorally over ones presented visually. Actual experimental investigation also indicates that the speed of presenting the stimuli affects the score. (3) Rate of presentation of the stimuli: The speed with which the stimuli are presented has an effect on the memory span score attained. The effect of rhythm is to group the units in the series, again enabling the individual to secure a span higher than his "true" one. This ranking was based on published estimates of reliability, validity and re-tests effects of the individual working memory measures.Digit Span Backwards and Letter-Number Sequencing were rated as the most trustworthy working memory outcome measures because of high degrees of validity and reliability. Most investigators point out that the stimuli used in testing memory span should be presented with as little rhythm as possible. (2) Rhythm of the presentation of the material: Closely related to the problem of presenting the stimuli in groups, is the presentation of the stimuli in rhythmic fashion. This relationship of the material is called the " coefficient of associability." Subjects also display an increased memory span for concrete words like hammer over abstract ones like justice. If, for example, the material is all closely related, it will be much more easily reproduced. (1) Characteristics of the material that is used: The characteristics of the material used will definitely affect the memory span score.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |